Mushroom greenhouse is a kind of greenhouse used for cultivating edible fungi (mushroom). It is covered with thermal insulation materials and waterproof materials on the outside. Its framework is made of hot-dip galvanized steel, and it contains mushroom cultivation racks as well as a temperature and humidity control system inside.

Temperature regulation: Mushroom cultivation greenhouses can effectively control the internal temperature. With the use of thermal insulation materials, heat loss can be minimized in cold weather, maintaining a relatively warm environment. For example, in winter, some mushroom varieties require a growth temperature between 10 - 18 °C. The greenhouse can utilize heating equipment such as warm air blowers and heating pipes to maintain this suitable temperature range. Meanwhile, during hot summers, the temperature can be lowered through ventilation systems (such as side windows, skylights, exhaust fans, etc.) and shading facilities to avoid adverse effects on mushroom growth caused by excessive heat.

Humidity regulation: Mushroom growth typically demands a relatively high-humidity environment. The humidity control system equipped in the greenhouse can precisely adjust the humidity. For instance, spray devices can be used to increase air humidity, while dehumidification devices can reduce it. During the mycelium growth stage of most mushroom varieties, a relative humidity of 80% - 90% is needed, and during the fruiting body growth stage, 85% - 95% is required, which can be well met in the cultivation greenhouse.

Light regulation: Although mushrooms do not require as intense light as green plants for growth, appropriate light conditions are still beneficial. The covering materials and shading facilities of the greenhouse can adjust the light intensity and duration. For some varieties that need weak light stimulation to form fruiting bodies, growers can adjust the coverage of the shading net to provide a suitable light environment.

Gas concentration regulation: The respiration process and growth of mushrooms will affect the gas composition inside the greenhouse. The ventilation system can adjust the concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen. For example, during the mycelium growth stage of mushrooms, an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide can promote mycelium growth. During the fruiting body formation stage, properly reducing the carbon dioxide concentration and increasing the oxygen concentration are conducive to the formation and development of mushrooms.

Stable growth conditions boost growth: Since the greenhouse can provide relatively stable temperature, humidity, light, and gas environments, mushrooms can grow under optimal conditions. Such a stable environment reduces the interference of adverse external factors (such as sudden temperature changes, drought, and heavy rain), making the mushroom growth cycle more regular and accelerating the growth rate. For example, under suitable conditions, the growth cycle of oyster mushrooms can be shortened, and the fruiting can be more uniform. The yield can be 30% - 50% higher compared to open-field cultivation.

Reduced risk of pest and disease infestation: The good sealing and protective properties of the greenhouse can effectively block external pests and pathogens. Compared with open-field cultivation, the probability of mushrooms being infected by pests and diseases in the greenhouse is relatively low. Moreover, it is more convenient to monitor and control pests and diseases in a relatively closed environment. For example, by installing insect-proof nets at the entrances of the greenhouse, insects can be prevented from entering and spreading diseases. Once signs of pests and diseases are detected, biological or physical control methods can be adopted in a timely manner (such as releasing predatory mites to control pests and using insect traps to catch pests), reducing the use of chemical pesticides and thus improving the quality of mushrooms.

Advantages of off-season cultivation: Mushroom cultivation greenhouses break the limitations of natural climates, enabling growers to cultivate mushrooms in non-traditional seasons. In cold winters or hot summers, as long as the environmental conditions inside the greenhouse are well regulated, fresh mushrooms can be grown. For example, in the northern winter, cold-resistant varieties such as enoki mushrooms can be planted using the insulation facilities of the greenhouse to meet the market demand for mushrooms during the off-season and achieve better economic benefits.

Year-round production: By reasonably arranging the planting time of different mushroom varieties and adjusting the greenhouse environment, growers can achieve uninterrupted mushroom production throughout the year. Different mushroom varieties have different requirements for environmental conditions. Selecting suitable varieties for planting in different seasons can fully utilize the facilities of the greenhouse, improving the utilization rate and output efficiency of the greenhouse.

Multi-layer planting design: Multiple layers of cultivation racks can be installed inside the greenhouse, making full use of vertical space. This multi-layer planting method can produce more mushrooms per unit area of land. For example, in a greenhouse with three layers of cultivation racks, the mushroom yield can be 2 - 3 times that of single-layer planting on flat ground. The design of the cultivation racks can be adjusted according to the growth characteristics and management requirements of mushroom varieties for the convenience of growers' operation and harvesting.

Flexible layout: The shape and internal layout of the greenhouse can be flexibly designed according to the land shape and planting plan. Whether it is rectangular, circular, or other irregularly shaped land, a suitable mushroom cultivation greenhouse can be built. Moreover, growers can reasonably divide the planting areas of different mushroom varieties according to market demand and planting experience to achieve diversified planting and increase the comprehensive utilization value of the land.

Framework: It is a very wise choice to use hot-dip galvanized steel for the framework of the mushroom shed. The hot-dip galvanizing process can effectively prevent the steel from rusting and corroding, greatly prolonging the service life of the framework. This type of steel has high strength and can provide a stable supporting structure for the entire mushroom shed, ensuring that the shed remains intact under various weather conditions, such as strong winds and heavy snow.

Covering materials: The covering materials have both heat preservation and waterproof functions. Their heat preservation performance helps maintain the suitable temperature required for mushroom growth, reducing heat loss. Especially in the colder seasons, it can create a relatively warm microenvironment for the mushrooms. The waterproof function can prevent the intrusion of external moisture such as rainwater, protecting the mushrooms from damage caused by excessive humidity or waterlogging, like mildew.

Cultivation racks: Mushroom cultivation racks are crucial facilities for making full use of space. They can be designed into a multi-layer structure according to the space layout and planting scale of the mushroom shed, thus significantly increasing the planting area. The cultivation racks can conveniently hold the mushroom cultivation substrates and enable the mushrooms to have good ventilation and lighting conditions (if necessary) during the growth process, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the mushrooms.

Temperature control: Mushroom growth has relatively strict requirements for temperature. The temperature control part of the temperature and humidity control system can precisely adjust the temperature inside the shed according to different growth stages of mushrooms. For example, the required temperatures may vary during the mycelium growth stage and the fruiting body formation stage. This system can raise the temperature when it is low through heating equipment (such as hot air blowers, heating pipes, etc.), and it can also lower the temperature when it is too high through ventilation equipment (such as exhaust fans, ventilation windows, etc.).

Humidity control: Mushroom growth requires a relatively high-humidity environment. The humidity control system can increase air humidity through spraying devices or reduce humidity when it exceeds the appropriate range through dehumidifying equipment. Appropriate humidity helps mushrooms maintain a good growth state, preventing them from ceasing to grow due to dryness or suffering from diseases caused by excessive humidity.