The aquaponics system is an ecological circular agriculture system that combines aquaculture (fish) and soilless cultivation (vegetables). In this system, nutrient-rich waste from fish is transformed into plant nutrients by microorganisms. These nutrients feed the plants, which in turn purify the water that returns to the fish tanks, creating a sustainable closed-loop ecosystem.

• Fish Ponds: Designed according to fish species and scale, with depths of 1-2 meters for edible fish. Constructed from durable materials like concrete, plastic, or fiberglass.
• Water Quality Equipment: Includes physical and biological filters to remove waste and convert ammonia, plus oxygenation equipment to maintain 5-8 mg/L dissolved oxygen.
• Fish Selection: Fast-growing species like tilapia and catfish are ideal, chosen for their adaptability and feeding habits.

• Planting Beds: 15-30 cm deep for leafy vegetables, using substrates like expanded clay or coconut coir for root support and aeration.
• Irrigation System: Circulates fish tank water through methods like NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) or DWC (Deep Water Culture) for efficient nutrient delivery.
• Plant Selection: Primarily leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach) and herbs (basil, mint) that thrive in nutrient-rich water with short growth cycles.

• Pipeline System: Corrosion-resistant PVC or PPR pipes connect components, sized appropriately for system scale (2-15 cm diameter).
• Water Pump: Selected based on flow rate (e.g., 500 L/h) and head (e.g., 1.5m) requirements to move water between units.
• Filtration Components: Includes activated carbon filters and UV sterilizers to maintain water purity and prevent pathogen buildup.

• Resource Recycling: Fish waste nourishes plants, which purify water for reuse, reducing fertilizer and water needs by 90% compared to traditional methods.
• Chemical Reduction: Eliminates synthetic fertilizers and minimizes fish medications through natural ecosystem balance.
• Biodiversity: Supports complex microbial communities and attracts beneficial insects, creating a stable mini-ecosystem.

• Higher Yield: Produces both fish and vegetables in the same space, increasing output per square meter by 30-50%.
• Lower Costs: Reduced inputs for water, fertilizers, and pesticides decrease operational expenses by 20-40%.
• Diverse Products: Enables simultaneous production of premium fish (tilapia, trout) and organic vegetables for multiple revenue streams.

• Healthier Produce: Vegetables grow without chemical contaminants, while fish develop in clean water with natural diets.
• Organic Certification: Systems easily meet organic standards by avoiding synthetic inputs and GMOs.