The aquaponics system is an ecological circular agriculture system that organically combines aquaculture (fish) and soilless cultivation (vegetables). In this system, nutrient-rich waste such as fish excrement and uneaten feed is decomposed by microorganisms and transformed into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. These nutrients are then transported to the plant-growing areas, providing fertilizers required for the growth of plants like vegetables and herbs. Meanwhile, the plants absorb the nutrients through their roots, playing a role in purifying the water quality. The purified water then flows back to the fish farming area, forming a closed-loop ecological system.

• Fish Ponds: Main living area for fish with varying sizes and depths based on species requirements (1-2 meters for edible fish). Constructed from durable materials like concrete, plastic, or fiberglass.
• Water Quality Adjustment Equipment: Includes physical and biological filters to remove solid particles and convert ammonia to nitrate, plus oxygenation equipment to maintain 5-8 mg/L dissolved oxygen.
• Fish Species Selection: Considerations include growth rate (tilapia, catfish), adaptability (crucian carp), and feeding habits to match with plant cultivation types.

• Planting Beds/Troughs: 15-30 cm deep for leafy vegetables, made from plastic, wood, or metal with substrates like expanded clay or coconut coir for root support.
• Irrigation System: Circulates aquaculture water using pumps with methods like NFT (nutrient film technique) or DWC (deep water culture) for efficient nutrient delivery.
• Plant Species Selection: Primarily leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach) and herbs (mint, basil) with short growth cycles that thrive in aquaponic environments.

• Pipeline System: Corrosion-resistant PVC or PPR pipes connecting aquaculture and planting units, sized appropriately for system flow requirements.
• Water Pump: Selected based on flow rate (e.g., 500 L/h) and head (e.g., 1.5 meters) to maintain proper water circulation.
• Filtration and Purification: Includes activated carbon filters and UV disinfectors to maintain water quality and system health.

• Resource Recycling: Fish waste provides natural fertilizer for plants while plants purify water for fish, creating a sustainable closed-loop system.
• Reduced Chemical Use: Eliminates need for synthetic fertilizers and minimizes fish medication due to stable ecosystem conditions.
• Enhanced Biodiversity: Supports diverse microbial communities and attracts beneficial insects, creating a balanced mini-ecosystem.

• Increased Productivity: Simultaneous production of fish and vegetables in the same space maximizes land use efficiency.
• Lower Operating Costs: Reduced water and fertilizer requirements decrease long-term production expenses.
• Diverse Product Offerings: Ability to market both organic vegetables and healthy fish increases revenue streams.

• Healthier Produce: Chemical-free vegetables and drug-free fish result in safer, more nutritious food products.
• Organic Certification Potential: Natural production methods meet organic standards for premium market positioning.