The DWC system is a soilless cultivation system that enables plants to grow efficiently by providing the plant roots with a nutrient solution environment of suitable depth, a stable supply of nutrients, and sufficient oxygen. This system can effectively overcome problems that may occur in traditional soil cultivation, such as uneven soil fertility and soil-borne pests and diseases. Moreover, it can precisely control the composition of the nutrient solution and environmental conditions according to the needs of different plants.

Planting Bench: This is the main place where plants grow. It is usually a long bench made of a plastic film placed inside a steel frame, which can hold the nutrient solution. Inside it, there is a nutrient solution with a depth of about 10 - 20 centimeters, providing an immersion environment for plant roots.

Nutrient Solution Reservoir: It is used to store a large amount of nutrient solution. The formula of the nutrient solution is prepared according to the growth requirements of plants, containing macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients such as iron and manganese. The size of the reservoir varies depending on the scale of cultivation.

Circulation System: It mainly includes a water pump. The water pump transports the nutrient solution from the reservoir to the planting bench, making the nutrient solution circulate between the two to ensure the even distribution of nutrients.

Aeration System: If necessary, an air pump and aeration devices can be installed. The air pump injects air into the nutrient solution to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution, providing oxygen for plant roots and meeting their respiratory needs.

Water Chiller: In places with relatively high temperatures, a water chiller can be added to reduce the temperature of the nutrient solution.

Driven by the water pump, the nutrient solution enters the planting bench from the reservoir, providing nutrients for plant roots. Plant roots absorb nutrients while being immersed in the nutrient solution. The air pump injects air into the nutrient solution through the aeration devices, forming a dissolved oxygen gradient to ensure aerobic respiration of the roots.

As plants absorb and consume the nutrients in the nutrient solution, the circulation system will regularly or according to the detection results, return part or all of the nutrient solution in the planting bench to the reservoir for supplementation and adjustment, such as adjusting the chemical properties such as the pH value and electrical conductivity (EC value) of the nutrient solution, as well as physical properties such as temperature.