The DWC system is a soilless cultivation system that enables plants to grow efficiently by providing plant roots with a nutrient solution environment of suitable depth, stable nutrient supply, and sufficient oxygen. This system effectively overcomes problems common in traditional soil cultivation, such as uneven soil fertility and soil-borne pests and diseases, while allowing precise control of nutrient solution composition and environmental conditions.

The Deep Water Culture (DWC) system consists of these key components:

• Planting bench: Rectangular structure made of hot-dip galvanized pipes with waterproof film, typically 15-20cm deep to fully immerse plant roots.
• Nutrient solution circulation system: Includes reservoir (size varies by scale), water pump (selected based on system requirements), and pipeline system (corrosion-resistant materials like PVC).
• Planting board and cup: Foam board with planting holes to fix plants, paired with perforated plastic cups (5-8cm diameter for leafy vegetables).
• Oxygen-increasing device: Air compressor and microporous aeration pipe to maintain dissolved oxygen levels.
• Water chiller: Maintains optimal root zone temperature (18-22°C for lettuce) to prevent high-temperature stress.

The water pump circulates nutrient solution from the reservoir to the planting bench, providing continuous nutrition to plant roots. Simultaneously, the air pump oxygenates the solution through aeration devices. The system monitors and adjusts solution properties (pH, EC, temperature) as plants consume nutrients, maintaining optimal growing conditions.

The deep nutrient solution layer (10-20cm) acts as a "nutrient warehouse" with stable supply and environmental buffering. The circulating system ensures even distribution while the large volume buffers against temperature and chemical fluctuations.

Aeration creates an oxygen gradient for optimal root respiration, while the spacious liquid volume allows unrestricted root expansion. This results in vigorous, white roots with high absorption efficiency.

Transparent components enable visual monitoring of roots and solution. The simple design facilitates cleaning and disinfection between cycles, reducing disease risks compared to substrate systems.

Ideal for leafy greens (lettuce, spinach) and suitable for fruiting crops (tomatoes, peppers) during early growth stages, with adjustable nutrient formulas for quality control.